Mike Clifford

Contact

• workRoom A61 Coates
  University Park
  Nottingham
  NG7 2RD
  UK
• work0115 846 6134
• fax0115 9513800
• mike.clifford@nottingham.ac.uk
• http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~eaxhtv/ATR/

Research Summary

My research fits within four main themes - appropriate technology, composites processing, dynamical systems, and fluid mixing. I have published over 60 papers in refereed journals and conferences… read more

Selected Publications

• SHAH, DU, SCHUBEL, PJ, LICENCE, P and CLIFFORD, MJ, 2012. Hydroxyethylcellulose Surface Treatment Of Natural Fibres: The New 'Twist' In Yarn Preparation And Optimization For Composites Applicability Journal Of Materials Science. 47(6), 2700-2711
• CLIFFORD, MJ and WAN, T, 2010. Fibre Reinforced Nanocomposites: Mechanical Properties Of Pa6/Clay And Glass Fibre/Pa6/Clay Nanocomposites Polymer. 51(2), 535-539

• View all publications

Current Research

My research fits within four main themes - appropriate technology, composites processing, dynamical systems, and fluid mixing. I have published over 60 papers in refereed journals and conferences over the last ten years.

Appropriate Technology

Drawing on my links with Tearfund, an international relief and development charity, I have sourced suggestions for engineering projects from Cambodia, India, Uganda, Mongolia, Bolivia, Kenya, Afghanistan, Nepal and many other developing countries. These projects have solved practical problems and have provided sources of income generation for deprived communities across the globe. Students who have worked on these projects have been inspired to investigate the relationship between technology and development, and three have taken up summer placements overseas with Engineers Without Borders to experience the challenges of working with developing communities at first-hand. As a result of these activities, the profile of the University and the UK has been enhanced, and media interest has raised the awareness of the role engineering can play in changing communities for the better.

Composite Materials

My main interest in composite materials lies in deformation of preimpregnated material (thermosetting and thermoplastic) during forming components. Mathematical models of in-plane shear and void migration have been developed together with forming trials and material characterisation studies in the EPSRC project Design and Optimisation of Textile Composites. Two themes flowing from this work - rheological behaviour of textile composites, and optimising textile composite components - are currently being developed and have resulted in a successful DTi research funding application together with colleagues at Manchester University and Herriot Watt University. I'm also working on nanocomposites and investigating natural fibre composites, making items of furniture from cardboard, straw and recycled carpet.

Dynamical Systems

Analysing nonlinear dynamical systems, especially parametrically forced structures was the subject of my Ph.D. and continues to be one of my research interests. A recent successful EPSRC grant application together with colleagues at Manchester University facilitated the study of nonlinear vibrations of laminated structures using novel numerical algorithms. Work on pendulum type dynamical systems is continuing with colleagues at Aberdeen and UCL. I am also developing interests in Biomechanical modelling, in particular studying the dynamics of shaken baby syndrome and the dynamics of bungee jumping.

Fluid Dynamics

Mixing in laminar chaotic flows is an area of industrially relevant fluid mechanics that I have studied since 1997. Numerical models of chaotic laminar flow have been analysed, and the rate that chemical reaction occur in lamellar systems (thin structures formed by the exponential stretching and global folding associated with chaotic dynamics) has been predicted and compared with results from higher dimensional simulations. An experimental rig that mixes chaotically has been designed

Past Research

Pollution transport studies, car exhaust emissions and building ventilation.

Future Research

Appropriate Technology, Dynamics, Composites, Mixing

• SHAH, DU, SCHUBEL, PJ, LICENCE, P and CLIFFORD, MJ, 2012. Hydroxyethylcellulose Surface Treatment Of Natural Fibres: The New 'Twist' In Yarn Preparation And Optimization For Composites Applicability Journal Of Materials Science. 47(6), 2700-2711
• XIAO, XL, ZENG, XS, LONG, A, LIN, H, CLIFFORD, M and SALDAEVA, E, 2012. An Analytical Model For Through-Thickness Permeability Of Woven Fabric Textile Research Journal. 82(5), 492-501
• CLIFFORD, MJ and WAN, T, 2010. Fibre Reinforced Nanocomposites: Mechanical Properties Of Pa6/Clay And Glass Fibre/Pa6/Clay Nanocomposites Polymer. 51(2), 535-539
• 2010. An Introduction To Mechanical Engineering. London.
• ZENG, XS, ENDRUWEIT, A, LONG, AC and CLIFFORD, MJ, 2010. Cfd Flow Simulation For Impregnation Of 3D Woven Reinforcements
• LIN, H, CLIFFORD, MJ, TAYLOR, PM and LONG, AC, 2009. 3D Mathematical Modelling For Robotic Pick Up Of Textile Composites Composites Part B-Engineering. 40(8), 705-713
• LIN, H, CLIFFORD, MJ, LONG, AC and SHERBURN, M, 2009. Finite Element Modelling Of Fabric Shear Modelling And Simulation In Materials Science And Engineering. 17(1), -
• 2009. An Introduction To Mechanical Engineering London.
• LIN, H, SHERBURN, M, LONG, AC, CLIFFORD, MJ, JONES, IA and RUDD, C, 2009. Modelling And Simulations Of Fabrics Using Texgen
• LIN, H, SHERBURN, M, CROOKSTON, J, LONG, AC, CLIFFORD, MJ and JONES, IA, 2008. Finite Element Modelling Of Fabric Compression Modelling And Simulation In Materials Science And Engineering. 16(3), -
• LIN, H, CLIFFORD, MJ, LONG, AC, SHERBURN, M, RAMGULAM, R and POTLURI, P, 2008. Finite Element Modelling Of Fabric Tensile Behaviour Using An Automatic Modelling Approach
• LIN, H, WANG, J, LONG, AC, CLIFFORD, MJ and HARRISON, P, 2007. Predictive Modelling For Optimization Of Textile Composite Forming Composites Science And Technology. 67(15-16), 3242-3252
• CLIFFORD, MJ and BERRY, P, 2007. A Self-Powered Laryngoscope For Remote Communities
• WANG, J, LONG, AC, CLIFFORD, MJ and LIN, H, 2007. Energy Analysis Of Reinforcement Deformations During Viscous Textile Composite Forming
• LIN, H, LONG, A, CLIFFORD, M, WANG, J and HARRISON, P, 2007. Predictive Fe Modelling Of Prepreg Forming To Determine Optimum Processing Conditions
• CLIFFORD, M. J. and COX, S. M., 2006. Smart Baffle Placement for Chaotic Mixing Nonlinear Dynamics. VOL 43(NUMBER 1-2), 117-126
• CLIFFORD, M.J., SIMMONS, K.A., ROBERTS, J. and TRUSCOT, T.D., 2006. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of a static mixer Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part C, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 220(3), 325-332
• CLIFFORD, MJ, SIMMONS, KA, ROBERTS, J and TRUSCOT, TD, 2006. Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling Of A Static Mixer
• WAN, T., CLIFFORD, M.J., GAO, F., BAILEY, A.S., GREGORY, D.H. and SOMSUNAN, R., 2005. Strain amplitude response and the microstructure of PA/clay nanocomposites Polymer. 46(17), 6429-6436
• WOLFSON, D.R., MCNALLY, D.S., CLIFFORD, M.J. and VLOEBERGHS, M., 2005. Rigid-body modelling of shaken baby syndrome Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine. 219(1), 63-70
• WAN, T, CLIFFORD, MJ, GAO, F, BAILEY, AS, GREGORY, DH and SOMSUNAN, R, 2005. Strain Amplitude Response And The Microstructure Of Pa/Clay Nanocomposites Polymer. 46(17), 6429-6436
• WOLFSON, DR, MCNALLY, DS, CLIFFORD, MJ and VLOEBERGHS, M, 2005. Rigid-Body Modelling Of Shaken Baby Syndrome Proceedings Of The Institution Of Mechanical Engineers Part H-Journal Of Engineering In Medicine. 219(H1), 63-70
• HARRISON, P., CLIFFORD, M.J., LONG, A.C. and RUDD, C.D., 2004. A constituent-based predictive approach to modelling the rheology of viscous textile composites Composites. Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing. 35(7-8), 915-931
• HARRISON, P., CLIFFORD, M.J. and LONG, A.C., 2004. Shear characterisation of viscous woven textile composites: a comparison between picture frame and bias extension experiments Composites Science and Technology. 64(10-11), 1453-1465
• CLIFFORD, M.J., COX, S.M. and FINN, M.D., 2004. Reynolds number effects in a simple planetary mixer Chemical Engineering Science. 59(16), 3371-3379
• CLIFFORD, M.J. and EASTWOOD, D., 2004. Design of a novel passive solar tracker Solar Energy. 77(3), 269-280
• CLIFFORD, MJ and EASTWOOD, D, 2004. Design Of A Novel Passive Solar Tracker Solar Energy. 77(3), 269-280
• CLIFFORD, MJ, COX, SM and FINN, MD, 2004. Reynolds Number Effects In A Simple Planetary Mixer Chemical Engineering Science. 59(16), 3371-3379
• HARRISON, P, CLIFFORD, MJ and LONG, AC, 2004. Shear Characterisation Of Viscous Woven Textile Composites: A Comparison Between Picture Frame And Bias Extension Experiments Composites Science And Technology. 64(10-11), 1453-1465
• HARRISON, P, CLIFFORD, MJ, LONG, AC and RUDD, CD, 2004. A Constituent-Based Predictive Approach To Modelling The Rheology Of Viscous Textile Composites
• GIL, R. G., LONG, A. C., CLIFFORD, M. J. and HARRISON, P., 2003. Modelling of isothermal consolidation in glass-polypropylene commingled composites PLASTICS RUBBER AND COMPOSITES. VOL 32(NO 2), 47-56
• HARRISON, P., LONG, A.C., CLIFFORD, M.J. and RUDD, C.D., 2003. Constitutive modelling of shear deformation for impregnated textile composites In: Proc. 6th International European Scientific Association for Material Forming (ESAFORM) Conference. 847-850
• GIL, RG, LONG, AC, CLIFFORD, MJ and HARRISON, P, 2003. Modelling Of Isothermal Consolidation In Glass-Polypropylene Commingled Composite
• HARRISON, P., CLIFFORD, M.J., LONG, A.C. and RUDD, C.D., 2002. Constitutive modelling of impregnated continuous fibre reinforced composites Micromechanical approach Plastics, Rubber & Composites: Macromolecular Engineering. 31(2), 76-86
• SANTULLI, C., GIL, R. G., LONG, A. C. and CLIFFORD, M. J., 2002. Void Content Measurements in Commingled E-Glass/Polypropylene Composites Using Image Analysis from Optical Micrographs SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS. VOL 10(PART 2), 77-90
• SUTCLIFFE, M.P., SHARMA, S.B., LONG, A.C., CLIFFORD, M.J., GIL, R.G., HARRISON, P. and RUDD, C.D., 2002. A comparison of simulation approaches for forming of textile composites In: Proc. 5th Int. European Scientific Association for Material Forming (ESAFORM) Conference. 311-314
• LONG, A.C., CROOKSTON, J.J., GIL, R.G., JONES, I.A. and CLIFFORD, M.J., 2002. Effects of intra-ply shear during forming on tensile properties of textile composites In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Textile Composites (TexComp 6).
• HARRISON, P., CLIFFORD, M.J., LONG, A.C. and RUDD, C.D., 2002. A micro-mechanical approach to stress prediction during shear for woven continuous fibre reinforced impregnated composites In: Proc. 5th Int. European Scientific Association for Material Forming (ESAFORM) Conference. 275-278
• HARRISON, P., LONG, A.C., CLIFFORD, M.J., GIL, R.G., WARD, I.M. and HINE, P.J., 2002. An investigation into the thermoformability of hot-compacted polypropylene sheet In: Proc. Automotive Composites and Plastics Conference.
• LONG, A.C., GIL, R.G., CLIFFORD, M.J., HARRISON, P., SHARMA, S.B. and SUTCLIFFE, M.P., 2002. Experimental analysis of fabric deformation during forming of textile composites In: Proc. 5th Int. European Scientific Association for Material Forming (ESAFORM) Conference. 279-282
• HARRISON, P., CLIFFORD, M.J. and LONG, A.C., 2002. Shear characterisation of woven textile composites In: Proc. 10th European Conference on Composite Materials (ECCM-10).
• GIL, R.G., LONG, A.C., HARRISON, P. and CLIFFORD, M.J., 2002. Consolidation modelling for textile composites In: Proc. 9th Int. Conf. on Fibre Reinforced Composites. 362-369
• CLIFFORD,M.J., 2002. Editorial Plastics, Rubber & Composites: Macromolecular Engineering. 31(6), 237-237
• CLIFFORD,M.J., 2002. Editorial Plastics, Rubber & Composites: Macromolecular Engineering. 31(6), 237
• SANTULLI, C, GIL, RG, LONG, AC and CLIFFORD, MJ, 2002. Void Content Measurements In Commingled E-Glass/Polypropylene Composites Using Image Analysis From Optical Micrographs Science And Engineering Of Composite Materials. 10(2), 77-90
• CLIFFORD, MJ, 2002. Special Issue: University Of Nottingham
• HARRISON, P, CLIFFORD, MJ, LONG, AC and RUDD, CD, 2002. Constitutive Modelling Of Impregnated Continuous Fibre Reinforced Composites Micromechanical Approach Plastics Rubber And Composites. 31(2), 76-86
• CLIFFORD, MJ, LONG, AC and DE LUCA, P, 2001. Forming Of Engineered Prepregs And Reinforced Thermoplastics
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 2000. Intra-ply Shear of Textile Composites In: FRC 2000.
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 2000. Draping of Engineered Prepregs and Reinforced Thermoplastics In: Advanced Simulation of Composite Structures 1.
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 2000. The Influence of a Lamellar Structure upon the Yield of a Chemical Reaction In: Trans IChemE.
• CLIFFORD, MJ, COX, SM and ROBERTS, EPL, 2000. The Influence Of A Lamellar Structure Upon The Yield Of A Chemical Reaction
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 1999. Mixing it Up In: SET99.
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 1999. Micromixing and Reaction in Chaotic Fluid Flows In: Mixing XVII.
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 1999. Micromixing and Reaction in Chaotic Fluid Flows In: BAMC.
• CLIFFORD, MJ and COX, SM, 1999. A Simple Model For A Two-Stage Chemical Reaction With Diffusion Ima Journal Of Applied Mathematics. 63(3), 307-318
• CLIFFORD, MJ, COX, SM and ROBERTS, EPL, 1999. Measuring Striation Widths Physics Letters A. 260(3-4), 209-217
• CLIFFORD, MJ, COX, SM and ROBERTS, EPL, 1999. Reaction And Diffusion In A Lamellar Structure: The Effect Of The Lamellar Arrangement Upon Yield Physica A. 262(3-4), 294-306
• CLIFFORD, MJ, 1999. A Gaussian Model For Reaction And Diffusion In A Lamellar Structure Chemical Engineering Science. 54(3), 303-310
• CLIFFORD, MJ, COX, SM and ROBERTS, EPL, 1999. What Affects The Yield Of A Chemical Reaction In A Lamellar Structure?
• CLIFFORD, M. J. and BISHOP, S. R., 1998. Inverted oscillations of a driven pendulum Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. VOL 454(MNTH NOV), 2811-2817
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 1998. Reaction and Diffusion in a Lamellar Structure: The Effect of the Lamellar Arrangement upon Yield In: XI Max Born Symposium.
• CLIFFORD, MJ, COX, SM and ROBERTS, EPL, 1998. Lamellar Modelling Of Reaction, Diffusion And Mixing In A Two-Dimensional Flow Chemical Engineering Journal. 71(1), 49-56
• COX, SM, CLIFFORD, MJ and ROBERTS, EPL, 1998. A Two-Stage Reaction With Initially Separated Reactants Physica A. 256(1-2), 65-86
• CLIFFORD, MJ, ROBERTS, EPL and COX, SM, 1998. The Influence Of Segregation On The Yield For A Series-Parallel Reaction Chemical Engineering Science. 53(10), 1791-1801
• CLIFFORD, MJ and BISHOP, SR, 1998. Inverted Oscillations Of A Driven Pendulum Proceedings Of The Royal Society Of London Series A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences. 454(1979), 2811-2817
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 1997. Micromixing in Chaotic Flows In: Euromech 3rd European Fluid Mechanics Conference.
• CLIFFORD, MJ, EVERITT, PJ, CLARKE, R and RIFFAT, SB, 1997. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics As A Design Tool For Naturally Ventilated Buildings Building And Environment. 32(4), 305-312
• CLIFFORD, MJ, CLARKE, R and RIFFAT, SB, 1997. Drivers' Exposure To Carbon Monoxide In Nottingham, Uk Atmospheric Environment. 31(7), 1003-1009
• CLIFFORD, MJ, CLARKE, R and RIFFAT, SB, 1997. Local Aspects Of Vehicular Pollution Atmospheric Environment. 31(2), 271-276
• BISHOP, SR and CLIFFORD, MJ, 1997. Untitled - Reply
• CLIFFORD, M.J., 1996. Reducing Drivers' Exposure to Carbon Monoxide In: 29th ISATA.
• BISHOP, SR and CLIFFORD, MJ, 1996. The Use Of Manifold Tangencies To Predict Orbits, Bifurcations And Estimate Escape In Driven Systems Chaos Solitons & Fractals. 7(10), 1537-1553
• BISHOP, SR, XU, DL and CLIFFORD, MJ, 1996. Flexible Control Of The Parametrically Excited Pendulum Proceedings Of The Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences. 452(1951), 1789-1806
• CLIFFORD, MJ and BISHOP, SR, 1996. Locating Oscillatory Orbits Of The Parametrically-Excited Pendulum Journal Of The Australian Mathematical Society Series B-Applied Mathematics. 37, 309-319
• BISHOP, SR and CLIFFORD, MJ, 1996. Zones Of Chaotic Behaviour In The Parametrically Excited Pendulum
• CLIFFORD, MJ and BISHOP, SR, 1995. Estimation Of Symmetry-Breaking And Escape By Observation Of Manifold Tangencies International Journal Of Bifurcation And Chaos. 5(3), 883-890
• CLIFFORD, MJ and BISHOP, SR, 1995. Rotating Periodic-Orbits Of The Parametrically Excited Pendulum Physics Letters A. 201(2-3), 191-196
• BISHOP, SR and CLIFFORD, MJ, 1994. Non Rotating Periodic-Orbits In The Parametrically Excited Pendulum European Journal Of Mechanics A-Solids. 13(4), 581-587
• CLIFFORD, MJ and BISHOP, SR, 1994. Bifurcational Precedences For Parametric Escape From A Symmetrical Potential Well International Journal Of Bifurcation And Chaos. 4(3), 623-630
• CLIFFORD, MJ and BISHOP, SR, 1994. Approximating The Escape Zone For The Parametrically Excited Pendulum
• CLIFFORD, MJ and BISHOP, SR, 1993. Generic Features Of Escape From A Potential Well Under Parametric-Excitation Physics Letters A. 184(1), 57-63